diff --git a/slixfeed/xmpp/chat.py b/slixfeed/xmpp/chat.py
index 312a32c..41c1cd0 100644
--- a/slixfeed/xmpp/chat.py
+++ b/slixfeed/xmpp/chat.py
@@ -158,39 +158,35 @@ class XmppChat:
                             command_list = ''.join(command_list)
                             response = (command_list)
                         else:
-                            response = ('KeyError for {} {}'
-                                        .format(command_root, command_name))
+                            response = f'KeyError for {command_root} {command_name}'
                     elif len(command) == 1:
                         command = command[0]
                         command_list = Documentation.manual(
                             'commands.toml', command)
                         if command_list:
                             command_list = ' '.join(command_list)
-                            response = ('Available command `{}` keys:\n'
-                                        '```\n{}\n```\n'
-                                        'Usage: `help {} <command>`'
-                                        .format(command, command_list, command))
+                            response = (f'Available command `{command}` keys:\n'
+                                        f'```\n{command_list}\n```\n'
+                                        f'Usage: `help {command} <command>`')
                         else:
-                            response = 'KeyError for {}'.format(command)
+                            response = f'KeyError for {command}'
                     else:
                         response = ('Invalid. Enter command key '
                                     'or command key & name')
                 case 'info':
                     entries = XmppCommands.print_info_list(self)
                     response = ('Available command options:\n'
-                                '```\n{}\n```\n'
-                                'Usage: `info <option>`'
-                                .format(entries))
+                                f'```\n{entries}\n```\n'
+                                'Usage: `info <option>`')
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('info'):
                     entry = command[5:].lower()
                     response = XmppCommands.print_info_specific(self, entry)
                 case _ if command_lowercase in ['greetings', 'hallo', 'hello',
                                                 'hey', 'hi', 'hola', 'holla',
                                                 'hollo']:
-                    response = ('Greeting. My name is {}.\n'
+                    response = (f'Greeting. My name is {self.alias}.\n'
                                 'I am an Atom/RSS News Bot.\n'
-                                'Send "help" for further instructions.\n'
-                                .format(self.alias))
+                                'Send "help" for further instructions.\n')
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('add'):
                     command = command[4:]
                     url = command.split(' ')[0]
@@ -202,24 +198,18 @@ class XmppChat:
                         if val:
                             await XmppCommands.set_filter_allow(
                                 db_file, val, True)
-                            response = ('Approved keywords\n'
-                                        '```\n{}\n```'
-                                        .format(val))
+                            response = f'Approved keywords\n```\n{val}\n```'
                         else:
-                            response = ('No action has been taken.'
-                                        '\n'
+                            response = ('No action has been taken.\n'
                                         'Missing keywords.')
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('allow -'):
                         val = command[7:]
                         if val:
                             await XmppCommands.set_filter_allow(
                                 db_file, val, False)
-                            response = ('Approved keywords\n'
-                                        '```\n{}\n```'
-                                        .format(val))
+                            response = f'Approved keywords\n```\n{val}\n```'
                         else:
-                            response = ('No action has been taken.'
-                                        '\n'
+                            response = ('No action has been taken.\n'
                                         'Missing keywords.')
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('archive'):
                     val = command[8:]
@@ -265,24 +255,18 @@ class XmppChat:
                         if val:
                             await XmppCommands.set_filter_allow(
                                 db_file, val, True)
-                            response = ('Rejected keywords\n'
-                                        '```\n{}\n```'
-                                        .format(val))
+                            response = f'Rejected keywords\n```\n{val}\n```'
                         else:
-                            response = ('No action has been taken.'
-                                        '\n'
+                            response = ('No action has been taken.\n'
                                         'Missing keywords.')
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('deny -'):
                         val = command[6:]
                         if val:
                             await XmppCommands.set_filter_allow(
                                 db_file, val, False)
-                            response = ('Rejected keywords\n'
-                                        '```\n{}\n```'
-                                        .format(val))
+                            response = f'Rejected keywords\n```\n{val}\n```'
                         else:
-                            response = ('No action has been taken.'
-                                        '\n'
+                            response = ('No action has been taken.\n'
                                         'Missing keywords.')
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('disable'):
                     response = await XmppCommands.feed_disable(
@@ -296,8 +280,7 @@ class XmppChat:
                     if ext in ('md', 'opml'): # html xbel
                         status_type = 'dnd'
                         status_message = ('📤️ Procesing request to '
-                                          'export feeds into {}...'
-                                          .format(ext.upper()))
+                                          f'export feeds into {ext.upper()}...')
                         # pending_tasks_num = len(self.pending_tasks[jid_bare])
                         pending_tasks_num = randrange(10000, 99999)
                         self.pending_tasks[jid_bare][pending_tasks_num] = status_message
@@ -311,8 +294,8 @@ class XmppChat:
                         encrypted = True if encrypt_omemo else False
                         url = await XmppUpload.start(self, jid_bare, Path(pathname), encrypted=encrypted)
                         # response = (
-                        #     'Feeds exported successfully to {}.\n{}'
-                        #     ).format(ex, url)
+                        #     f'Feeds exported successfully to {ex}.\n{url}'
+                        #     )
                         # XmppMessage.send_oob_reply_message(message, url, response)
                         if url:
                             chat_type = await XmppUtilities.get_chat_type(self, jid_bare)
@@ -335,11 +318,11 @@ class XmppChat:
                     result, number = XmppCommands.list_feeds(db_file, query)
                     if number:
                         if query:
-                            first_line = 'Subscriptions containing "{}":\n\n```\n'.format(query)
+                            first_line = f'Subscriptions containing "{query}":\n\n```\n'
                         else:
                             first_line = 'Subscriptions:\n\n```\n'
                         response = (first_line + result +
-                                    '\n```\nTotal of {} feeds'.format(number))
+                                    f'\n```\nTotal of {number} feeds')
                 case 'goodbye':
                     if message_type == 'groupchat':
                         await XmppCommands.muc_leave(self, jid_bare)
@@ -367,7 +350,7 @@ class XmppChat:
                     XmppStatusTask.restart_task(self, jid_bare)
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('pubsub list'):
                     jid_full_pubsub = command[12:]
-                    response = 'List of nodes for {}:\n```\n'.format(jid_full_pubsub)
+                    response = f'List of nodes for {jid_full_pubsub}:\n```\n'
                     response = await XmppCommands.pubsub_list(self, jid_full_pubsub)
                     response += '```'
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('pubsub send'):
@@ -390,8 +373,7 @@ class XmppChat:
                            command_lowercase.startswith('rss:/')):
                     url = command
                     status_type = 'dnd'
-                    status_message = ('📫️ Processing request to fetch data from {}'
-                                      .format(url))
+                    status_message = f'📫️ Processing request to fetch data from {url}'
                     # pending_tasks_num = len(self.pending_tasks[jid_bare])
                     pending_tasks_num = randrange(10000, 99999)
                     self.pending_tasks[jid_bare][pending_tasks_num] = status_message
@@ -406,9 +388,9 @@ class XmppChat:
                     XmppStatusTask.restart_task(self, jid_bare)
                     # except:
                     #     response = (
-                    #         '> {}\nNews source is in the process '
+                    #         f'> {url}\nNews source is in the process '
                     #         'of being added to the subscription '
-                    #         'list.'.format(url)
+                    #         'list.'
                     #         )
                 case _ if command_lowercase.startswith('interval'):
                     val = command[9:]
@@ -497,7 +479,7 @@ class XmppChat:
                         Task.stop(self, jid_bare, 'status')
                         status_type = 'dnd'
                         status_message = ('📫️ Processing request to fetch data '
-                                          'from {}'.format(url))
+                                          f'from {url}')
                         pending_tasks_num = randrange(10000, 99999)
                         self.pending_tasks[jid_bare][pending_tasks_num] = status_message
                         response = await XmppCommands.feed_read(
@@ -513,7 +495,7 @@ class XmppChat:
                     if not num: num = 5
                     count, result = XmppCommands.print_recent(self, db_file, num)
                     if count:
-                        response = 'Recent {} fetched titles:\n\n```'.format(num)
+                        response = f'Recent {num} fetched titles:\n\n```'
                         response += result + '```\n'
                     else:
                         response = result
@@ -634,7 +616,7 @@ class XmppChat:
                 else:
                     XmppMessage.send_reply(self, message, response)
             if Config.get_setting_value(self, jid_bare, 'finished'):
-                response_finished = 'Finished. Total time: {}s'.format(command_time_total)
+                response_finished = f'Finished. Total time: {command_time_total}s'
                 XmppMessage.send_reply(self, message, response_finished)
 
             # if not response: response = 'EMPTY MESSAGE - ACTION ONLY'
@@ -651,10 +633,9 @@ class XmppChat:
             #     jid_bare, response)
     
             # print(
-            #     'Message : {}\n'
-            #     'JID     : {}\n'
-            #     '{}\n'
-            #     .format(command, jid_bare, response)
+            #     f'Message : {command}\n'
+            #     f'JID     : {jid_bare}\n'
+            #     f'{response}\n'
             #     )
 
 
@@ -673,7 +654,7 @@ class XmppChatAction:
             Number. The default is None.
         """
         function_name = sys._getframe().f_code.co_name
-        logger.debug('{}: jid: {} num: {}'.format(function_name, jid_bare, num))
+        logger.debug(f'{function_name}: jid: {jid_bare} num: {num}')
         db_file = config.get_pathname_to_database(jid_bare)
         encrypt_omemo = Config.get_setting_value(self, jid_bare, 'omemo')
         encrypted = True if encrypt_omemo else False
@@ -851,8 +832,7 @@ class XmppChatAction:
 
     async def list_unread_entries(self, result, feed_title, jid):
         function_name = sys._getframe().f_code.co_name
-        logger.debug('{}: feed_title: {} jid: {}'
-                    .format(function_name, feed_title, jid))
+        logger.debug(f'{function_name}: feed_title: {feed_title} jid: {jid}')
         # TODO Add filtering
         # TODO Do this when entry is added to list and mark it as read
         # DONE!
@@ -868,7 +848,7 @@ class XmppChatAction:
         #         print("accepted:", result[1])
         #         results.extend([result])
     
-        # news_list = "You've got {} news items:\n".format(num)
+        # news_list = f'You have got {num} news items:\n'
         # NOTE Why doesn't this work without list?
         #      i.e. for result in results
         # for result in results.fetchall():
@@ -899,8 +879,7 @@ class XmppChatAction:
         link = Url.remove_tracking_parameters(link)
         link = await Url.replace_hostname(link, "link") or link
         feed_id = result[4]
-        # news_item = ("\n{}\n{}\n{} [{}]\n").format(str(title), str(link),
-        #                                            str(feed_title), str(ix))
+        # news_item = (f'\n{str(title)}\n{str(link)}\n{str(feed_title)} [{str(ix)}]\n')
         formatting = Config.get_setting_value(self, jid, 'formatting')
         news_item = formatting.format(feed_title=feed_title,
                                       title=title,
@@ -952,13 +931,12 @@ class XmppChatTask:
             return
         if jid_bare not in self.task_manager:
             self.task_manager[jid_bare] = {}
-            logger.info('Creating new task manager for JID {}'.format(jid_bare))
-        logger.info('Stopping task "interval" for JID {}'.format(jid_bare))
+            logger.info(f'Creating new task manager for JID {jid_bare}')
+        logger.info(f'Stopping task "interval" for JID {jid_bare}')
         try:
             self.task_manager[jid_bare]['interval'].cancel()
         except:
-            logger.info('No task "interval" for JID {} (XmppChatTask.task_message)'
-                        .format(jid_bare))
-        logger.info('Starting tasks "interval" for JID {}'.format(jid_bare))
+            logger.info('No task "interval" for JID {jid_bare} (XmppChatTask.task_message)')
+        logger.info('Starting tasks "interval" for JID {jid_bare}')
         self.task_manager[jid_bare]['interval'] = asyncio.create_task(
             XmppChatTask.task_message(self, jid_bare))
diff --git a/slixfeed/xmpp/commands.py b/slixfeed/xmpp/commands.py
index ca405f9..d55f6f1 100644
--- a/slixfeed/xmpp/commands.py
+++ b/slixfeed/xmpp/commands.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
     def print_help_list():
         command_list = Documentation.manual('commands.toml', section='all')
         message = ('Complete list of commands:\n'
-                   '```\n{}\n```'.format(command_list))
+                   f'```\n{command_list}\n```')
         return message
 
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
             command_list = ''.join(command_list)
             message = (command_list)
         else:
-            message = 'KeyError for {} {}'.format(command_root, command_name)
+            message = f'KeyError for {command_root} {command_name}'
         return message
 
 
@@ -68,12 +68,11 @@ class XmppCommands:
         command_list = Documentation.manual('commands.toml', command)
         if command_list:
             command_list = ' '.join(command_list)
-            message = ('Available command `{}` keys:\n'
-                       '```\n{}\n```\n'
-                       'Usage: `help {} <command>`'
-                       .format(command, command_list, command))
+            message = (f'Available command `{command}` keys:\n'
+                       f'```\n{command_list}\n```\n'
+                       f'Usage: `help {command} <command>`')
         else:
-            message = 'KeyError for {}'.format(command)
+            message = f'KeyError for {command}'
         return message
 
 
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
             # command_list = '\n'.join(command_list)
             message = (entries[entry]['info'])
         else:
-            message = 'KeyError for {}'.format(entry)
+            message = f'KeyError for {entry}'
         return message
 
 
@@ -187,18 +186,16 @@ class XmppCommands:
                     #     feed_id = feed_id[0]
                     #     await sqlite.mark_feed_as_read(db_file, feed_id)
     
-                message = ('> {}\n'
+                message = (f'> {url}\n'
                            'News source has been '
-                           'added to subscription list.'
-                           .format(url))
+                           'added to subscription list.')
             else:
                 ix = exist[0]
                 name = exist[1]
-                message = ('> {}\n'
-                           'News source "{}" is already '
+                message = (f'> {url}\n'
+                           f'News source "{name}" is already '
                            'listed in the subscription list at '
-                           'index {}'
-                           .format(url, name, ix))
+                           f'index {ix}')
         else:
             message = ('No action has been taken.  Missing URL.')
         return message
@@ -248,8 +245,8 @@ class XmppCommands:
                 val_old = Config.get_setting_value(self, jid_bare, 'archive')
                 await Config.set_setting_value(
                     self, jid_bare, db_file, 'archive', val_new)
-                message = ('Maximum archived items has been set to {} (was: {}).'
-                           .format(val_new, val_old))
+                message = ('Maximum archived items has been set to {val_new} '
+                           '(was: {val_old}).')
         except:
             message = 'No action has been taken.  Enter a numeric value only.'
         return message
@@ -257,15 +254,13 @@ class XmppCommands:
 
     async def bookmark_add(self, muc_jid):
         await XmppBookmark.add(self, jid=muc_jid)
-        message = ('Groupchat {} has been added to bookmarks.'
-                   .format(muc_jid))
+        message = f'Groupchat {muc_jid} has been added to bookmarks.'
         return message
 
 
     async def bookmark_del(self, muc_jid):
         await XmppBookmark.remove(self, muc_jid)
-        message = ('Groupchat {} has been removed from bookmarks.'
-                   .format(muc_jid))
+        message = f'Groupchat {muc_jid} has been removed from bookmarks.'
         return message
 
 
@@ -274,8 +269,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
             self.settings[jid_bare][key] = None
             db_file = config.get_pathname_to_database(jid_bare)
             await sqlite.delete_setting(db_file, key)
-            message = ('Setting {} has been restored to default value.'
-                        .format(key))
+            message = f'Setting {key} has been restored to default value.'
         else:
             del self.settings[jid_bare]
             db_file = config.get_pathname_to_database(jid_bare)
@@ -286,7 +280,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
 
     async def clear_filter(db_file, key):
         await sqlite.delete_filter(db_file, key)
-        message = 'Filter {} has been purged.'.format(key)
+        message = f'Filter {key} has been purged.'
         return message
 
 
@@ -294,11 +288,11 @@ class XmppCommands:
         conferences = await XmppBookmark.get_bookmarks(self)
         message = '\nList of groupchats:\n\n```\n'
         for conference in conferences:
-            message += ('Name: {}\n'
-                        'Room: {}\n'
-                        '\n'
-                        .format(conference['name'], conference['jid']))
-        message += ('```\nTotal of {} groupchats.\n'.format(len(conferences)))
+            conference_name = conference['name']
+            conference_jid = conference['jid']
+            message += (f'Name: {conference_name}\n'
+                        f'Room: {conference_jid}\n\n')
+        message += f'```\nTotal of {len(conferences)} groupchats.\n'
         return message
 
 
@@ -333,7 +327,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
 
     def export_feeds(dir_cache, jid_bare, ext):
         pathname = Feed.export_feeds(dir_cache, jid_bare, ext)
-        message = 'Feeds successfuly exported to {}.'.format(ext)
+        message = f'Feeds successfuly exported to {ext}.'
         return pathname, message
 
 
@@ -347,8 +341,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
         result = await fetch.http(url)
         count = await Opml.import_from_file(db_file, result)
         if count:
-            message = ('Successfully imported {} feeds.'
-                       .format(count))
+            message = f'Successfully imported {count} feeds.'
         else:
             message = 'OPML file was not imported.'
         return message
@@ -360,7 +353,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
         for item in iq['disco_items']:
             item_id = item['node']
             item_name = item['name']
-            message += 'Name: {}\nNode: {}\n\n'.format(item_name, item_id)
+            message += f'Name: {item_name}\nNode: {item_id}\n\n'
         return message
 
 
@@ -403,8 +396,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
                             break
                 # task.clean_tasks_xmpp_chat(self, jid_bare, ['status'])
                 status_type = 'dnd'
-                status_message = ('📫️ Processing request to fetch data from {}'
-                                  .format(url))
+                status_message = '📫️ Processing request to fetch data from {url}'
                 # pending_tasks_num = len(self.pending_tasks[jid_bare])
                 pending_tasks_num = randrange(10000, 99999)
                 self.pending_tasks[jid_bare][pending_tasks_num] = status_message
@@ -421,35 +413,36 @@ class XmppCommands:
                                              identifier)
                 if isinstance(result, list):
                     results = result
-                    message = "Syndication feeds found for {}\n\n```\n".format(url)
+                    message = f'Syndication feeds found for {url}\n\n```\n'
                     for result in results:
-                        message += ("Title : {}\n"
-                                    "Link  : {}\n"
-                                    "\n"
-                                    .format(result['name'], result['link']))
-                    message += '```\nTotal of {} feeds.'.format(len(results))
+                        result_name = result['name']
+                        result_link = result['link']
+                        message += ('Title : {result_name}\n'
+                                    'Link  : {result_link}\n\n')
+                    message += '```\nTotal of {len(results)} feeds.'
                 elif result['exist']:
-                    message = ('> {}\nNews source "{}" is already '
+                    result_link = result['link']
+                    result_name = result['name']
+                    result_index = result['index']
+                    message = (f'> {result_link}\nNews source "{result_name}" is already '
                                'listed in the subscription list at '
-                               'index {}'
-                               .format(result['link'],
-                                       result['name'],
-                                       result['index']))
+                               f'index {result_index}')
                 elif result['identifier']:
-                    message = ('> {}\nIdentifier "{}" is already '
-                               'allocated to index {}'
-                               .format(result['link'],
-                                       result['identifier'],
-                                       result['index']))
+                    result_link = result['link']
+                    result_identifier = result['identifier']
+                    result_index = result['index']
+                    message = (f'> {result_link}\nIdentifier "{result_identifier}" is already '
+                               f'allocated to index {result_index}')
                 elif result['error']:
-                    message = ('> {}\nNo subscriptions were found.  '
-                               'Reason: {} (status code: {})'
-                               .format(url, result['message'],
-                                       result['code']))
+                    result_message = result['message']
+                    result_code = result['code']
+                    message = (f'> {url}\nNo subscriptions were found.  '
+                               f'Reason: {result_message} (status code: {result_code})')
                 else:
-                    message = ('> {}\nNews source "{}" has been '
-                               'added to subscription list.'
-                               .format(result['link'], result['name']))
+                    result_link = result['link']
+                    result_name = result['name']
+                    message = (f'> {result_link}\nNews source "{result_name}" has been '
+                               'added to subscription list.')
                 # task.clean_tasks_xmpp_chat(self, jid_bare, ['status'])
                 del self.pending_tasks[jid_bare][pending_tasks_num]
                 # del self.pending_tasks[jid_bare][self.pending_tasks_counter]
@@ -457,9 +450,9 @@ class XmppCommands:
                 XmppStatusTask.restart_task(self, jid_bare)
                 # except:
                 #     response = (
-                #         '> {}\nNews source is in the process '
+                #         f'> {url}\nNews source is in the process '
                 #         'of being added to the subscription '
-                #         'list.'.format(url)
+                #         'list.'
                 #         )
             else:
                 message = ('No action has been taken.'
@@ -490,15 +483,13 @@ class XmppCommands:
         result = await Feed.add_feed(self, jid_bare, db_file, url, identifier)
         if isinstance(result, list):
             results = result
-            message = ("Syndication feeds found for {}\n\n```\n"
-                       .format(url))
+            message = f"Syndication feeds found for {url}\n\n```\n"
             for result in results:
                 message += ("Title : {}\n"
                             "Link  : {}\n"
                             "\n"
                             .format(result['name'], result['link']))
-            message += ('```\nTotal of {} feeds.'
-                        .format(len(results)))
+            message += f'```\nTotal of {results} feeds.'
         elif result['exist']:
             message = ('> {}\nNews source "{}" is already '
                        'listed in the subscription list at '
@@ -516,9 +507,9 @@ class XmppCommands:
                        .format(result['link'], result['name']))
         # except:
         #     response = (
-        #         '> {}\nNews source is in the process '
+        #         f'> {url}\nNews source is in the process '
         #         'of being added to the subscription '
-        #         'list.'.format(url)
+        #         'list.'
         #         )
         return message
 
@@ -532,12 +523,10 @@ class XmppCommands:
         message = ''
         if number:
             for id, title, url in feeds:
-                message += ('\nName : {} [{}]'
-                            '\nURL  : {}'
-                            '\n'
-                            .format(str(title), str(id), str(url)))
+                message += (f'\nName : {str(title)} [{str(id)}]'
+                            f'\nURL  : {str(url)}\n')
         elif query:
-            message = "No feeds were found for: {}".format(query)
+            message = f"No feeds were found for: {query}"
         else:
             url = Utilities.pick_a_feed()
             message = ('List of subscriptions is empty. '
@@ -559,8 +548,8 @@ class XmppCommands:
             val_old = Config.get_setting_value(self, jid_bare, 'interval')
             await Config.set_setting_value(
                 self, jid_bare, db_file, 'interval', val_new)
-            message = ('Updates will be sent every {} minutes '
-                       '(was: {}).'.format(val_new, val_old))
+            message = (f'Updates will be sent every {val_new} minutes '
+                       f'(was: {val_old}).')
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(str(e))
             message = ('No action has been taken.  Enter a numeric value only.')
@@ -580,12 +569,12 @@ class XmppCommands:
                 result = await XmppMuc.join(self, muc_jid)
                 # await XmppBookmark.add(self, jid=muc_jid)
                 if result == 'ban':
-                    message = '{} is banned from {}'.format(self.alias, muc_jid)
+                    message = f'{self.alias} is banned from {muc_jid}'
                 else:
                     await XmppBookmark.add(self, muc_jid)
-                    message = 'Joined groupchat {}'.format(muc_jid)
+                    message = f'Joined groupchat {muc_jid}'
             else:
-                message = '> {}\nGroupchat JID appears to be invalid.'.format(muc_jid)
+                message = f'> {muc_jid}\nGroupchat JID appears to be invalid.'
         else:
             message = '> {}\nGroupchat JID is missing.'
         return message
@@ -606,11 +595,10 @@ class XmppCommands:
             if not val_new: # i.e. val_new == 0
                 # TODO Add action to disable limit
                 message = ('Summary length limit is disabled '
-                           '(was: {}).'.format(val_old))
+                           f'(was: {val_old}).')
             else:
                 message = ('Summary maximum length is set to '
-                           '{} characters (was: {}).'
-                           .format(val_new, val_old))
+                           f'{val_new} characters (was: {val_old}).')
         except:
             message = ('No action has been taken.'
                        '\n'
@@ -661,7 +649,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
             nid = info[1]
             if jid:
                 XmppPubsub.delete_node(self, jid, nid)
-                message = 'Deleted node: {}'.format(nid)
+                message = f'Deleted node: {nid}'
             else:
                 message = 'PubSub JID is missing. Enter PubSub JID.'
         else:
@@ -679,7 +667,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
             nid = info[1]
             if jid:
                 XmppPubsub.purge_node(self, jid, nid)
-                message = 'Purged node: {}'.format(nid)
+                message = f'Purged node: {nid}'
             else:
                 message = 'PubSub JID is missing. Enter PubSub JID.'
         else:
@@ -714,13 +702,12 @@ class XmppCommands:
             val_new = int(val)
             val_old = Config.get_setting_value(self, jid_bare, 'quantum')
             # response = (
-            #     'Every update will contain {} news items.'
-            #     ).format(response)
+            #     f'Every update will contain {response} news items.'
+            #     )
             db_file = config.get_pathname_to_database(jid_bare)
             await Config.set_setting_value(
                 self, jid_bare, db_file, 'quantum', val_new)
-            message = ('Next update will contain {} news items (was: {}).'
-                       .format(val_new, val_old))
+            message = f'Next update will contain {val_new} news items (was: {val_old}).'
         except:
             message = 'No action has been taken.  Enter a numeric value only.'
         return message
@@ -754,25 +741,21 @@ class XmppCommands:
                                 result = await FeedDiscovery.probe_page(url, document)
                                 if isinstance(result, list):
                                     results = result
-                                    message = ("Syndication feeds found for {}\n\n```\n"
-                                               .format(url))
+                                    message = f"Syndication feeds found for {url}\n\n```\n"
                                     for result in results:
-                                        message += ("Title : {}\n"
-                                                    "Link  : {}\n"
-                                                    "\n"
-                                                    .format(result['name'], result['link']))
-                                    message += ('```\nTotal of {} feeds.'
-                                               .format(len(results)))
+                                        result_name = result['name']
+                                        result_link = result['link']
+                                        message += ("Title : {result_name}\n"
+                                                    "Link  : {result_link}\n\n")
+                                    message += f'```\nTotal of {results} feeds.'
                                     break
                                 elif not result:
-                                    message = ('> {}\nNo subscriptions were found.'
-                                               .format(url))
+                                    message = f'> {url}\nNo subscriptions were found.'
                                     break
                                 else:
                                     url = result['link']
                         else:
-                            message = ('> {}\nFailed to load URL.  Reason: {}'
-                                       .format(url, status))
+                            message = f'> {url}\nFailed to load URL.  Reason: {status}'
                             break
                 else:
                     message = ('No action has been taken.  Missing URL.')
@@ -792,25 +775,21 @@ class XmppCommands:
                                 result = await FeedDiscovery.probe_page(url, document)
                                 if isinstance(result, list):
                                     results = result
-                                    message = ("Syndication feeds found for {}\n\n```\n"
-                                               .format(url))
+                                    message = f"Syndication feeds found for {url}\n\n```\n"
                                     for result in results:
-                                        message += ("Title : {}\n"
-                                                    "Link  : {}\n"
-                                                    "\n"
-                                                    .format(result['name'], result['link']))
-                                    message += ('```\nTotal of {} feeds.'
-                                                .format(len(results)))
+                                        result_name = result['name']
+                                        result_link = result['link']
+                                        message += (f"Title : {result_name}\n"
+                                                    f"Link  : {result_link}\\n")
+                                    message += f'```\nTotal of {len(results)} feeds.'
                                     break
                                 elif not result:
-                                    message = ('> {}\nNo subscriptions were found.'
-                                               .format(url))
+                                    message = f'> {url}\nNo subscriptions were found.'
                                     break
                                 else:
                                     url = result['link']
                         else:
-                            message = ('> {}\nFailed to load URL.  Reason: {}'
-                                       .format(url, status))
+                            message = f'> {url}\nFailed to load URL.  Reason: {status}'
                             break
                 else:
                     message = ('No action has been taken.'
@@ -837,7 +816,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
                 message = ''
                 for i in result:
                     title, url, date = i
-                    message += ('\n{}\n{}\n'.format(title, url))
+                    message += f'\n{title}\n{url}\n'
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(str(e))
             count = False
@@ -877,13 +856,13 @@ class XmppCommands:
             if len(sub_removed):
                 message += '\nThe following subscriptions have been removed:\n\n'
                 for url in sub_removed:
-                    message += '{}\n'.format(url)
+                    message += f'{url}\n'
             if len(url_invalid):
                 urls = ', '.join(url_invalid)
-                message += '\nThe following URLs do not exist:\n\n{}\n'.format(urls)
+                message += f'\nThe following URLs do not exist:\n\n{urls}\n'
             if len(ixs_invalid):
                 ixs = ', '.join(ixs_invalid)
-                message += '\nThe following indexes do not exist:\n\n{}\n'.format(ixs)
+                message += f'\nThe following indexes do not exist:\n\n{ixs}\n'
             message += '\n```'
         else:
             message = ('No action has been taken.'
@@ -924,13 +903,13 @@ class XmppCommands:
             if len(sub_marked):
                 message += '\nThe following subscriptions have been marked as read:\n\n'
                 for url in sub_marked:
-                    message += '{}\n'.format(url)
+                    message += f'{url}\n'
             if len(url_invalid):
                 urls = ', '.join(url_invalid)
-                message += '\nThe following URLs do not exist:\n\n{}\n'.format(urls)
+                message += f'\nThe following URLs do not exist:\n\n{urls}\n'
             if len(ixs_invalid):
                 ixs = ', '.join(ixs_invalid)
-                message += '\nThe following indexes do not exist:\n\n{}\n'.format(ixs)
+                message += f'\nThe following indexes do not exist:\n\n{ixs}\n'
             message += '\n```'
         else:
             await sqlite.mark_all_as_read(db_file)
@@ -942,20 +921,17 @@ class XmppCommands:
         if query:
             if len(query) > 3:
                 results = sqlite.search_entries(db_file, query)
-                message = ("Search results for '{}':\n\n```"
-                           .format(query))
+                message = f"Search results for '{query}':\n\n```"
                 for result in results:
-                    message += ("\n{}\n{}\n"
-                                .format(str(result[0]), str(result[1])))
+                    message += f'\n{str(result[0])}\n{str(result[1])}\n'
                 if len(results):
-                    message += "```\nTotal of {} results".format(len(results))
+                    message += f'```\nTotal of {len(results)} results'
                 else:
-                    message = "No results were found for: {}".format(query)
+                    message = f'No results were found for: {query}'
             else:
                 message = 'Enter at least 4 characters to search'
         else:
-            message = ('No action has been taken.'
-                        '\n'
+            message = ('No action has been taken.\n'
                         'Missing search query.')
         return message
 
@@ -1010,12 +986,9 @@ class XmppCommands:
                    "\n"
                    "```"
                    "\n"
-                   "News items   : {}/{}\n"
-                   "News sources : {}/{}\n"
-                   "```").format(entries_unread,
-                                 entries,
-                                 feeds_active,
-                                 feeds_all)
+                   f"News items   : {entries_unread}/{entries}\n"
+                   f"News sources : {feeds_active}/{feeds_all}\n"
+                   "```")
         return message
 
 
@@ -1028,11 +1001,9 @@ class XmppCommands:
             name = name[0]
             addr = sqlite.get_feed_url(db_file, feed_id)
             addr = addr[0]
-            message = ('Updates are now disabled for subscription:\n{}\n{}'
-                       .format(addr, name))
+            message = f'Updates are now disabled for subscription:\n{addr}\n{name}'
         except:
-            message = ('No action has been taken.  No news source with index {}.'
-                       .format(feed_id))
+            message = f'No action has been taken.  No news source with index {feed_id}.'
         XmppStatusTask.restart_task(self, jid_bare)
         return message
 
@@ -1043,13 +1014,11 @@ class XmppCommands:
             await sqlite.set_enabled_status(db_file, feed_id, 1)
             name = sqlite.get_feed_title(db_file, feed_id)[0]
             addr = sqlite.get_feed_url(db_file, feed_id)[0]
-            message = ('> {}\n'
-                        'Updates are now enabled for news source "{}"'
-                        .format(addr, name))
+            message = (f'> {addr}\n'
+                       f'Updates are now enabled for news source "{name}"')
         except:
-            message = ('No action has been taken.'
-                        '\n'
-                        'No news source with index {}.'.format(feed_id))
+            message = ('No action has been taken.\n'
+                       f'No news source with index {feed_id}.')
         return message
 
 
@@ -1071,13 +1040,11 @@ class XmppCommands:
                     else:
                         await sqlite.set_feed_title(db_file, feed_id,
                                                     name)
-                        message = ('> {}'
-                                   '\n'
-                                   'Subscription #{} has been '
-                                   'renamed to "{}".'.format(
-                                       name_old,feed_id, name))
+                        message = (f'> {name_old}\n'
+                                   f'Subscription #{feed_id} has been '
+                                   f'renamed to "{name}".')
                 else:
-                    message = 'Subscription with Id {} does not exist.'.format(feed_id)
+                    message = f'Subscription with Id {feed_id} does not exist.'
             except:
                 message = ('No action has been taken.'
                            '\n'
@@ -1130,7 +1097,7 @@ class XmppCommands:
 
     def print_support_jid():
         muc_jid = 'slixfeed@chat.woodpeckersnest.space'
-        message = 'Join xmpp:{}?join'.format(muc_jid)
+        message = f'Join xmpp:{muc_jid}?join'
         return message